Stuart Carrington
The Mind Behind the Whistle
Author · Consultant in Sports Psychology & Refereeing · PhD Candidate · Lecturer
Stuart Carrington is a lecturer, author and football referee with over a decade of experience studying how people perform under pressure. He helps individuals and organisations improve decision-making, resilience and coaching effectiveness through evidence-based psychological insight.
Stuart’s PhD is on psychological support to enhance the well-being and performance of sports officials; He has worked with UEFA on their documentary ‘Man in the Middle’, and has spoken at international conferences, including the World Congress of Science in Football and The European Federation of Sport Psychology, on officiating development and REBT.
Alongside his academic work, Stuart has interviewed and worked directly with more than 100 referees.
Psychology. Pressure. Precision.
Stuart Carrington is the Associate Head of School for Coaching and Performance Analysis at St Mary’s University, Twickenham, author of the acclaimed book Blowing the Whistle: The Psychology of Football Refereeing and a current PhD candidate.
Drawing from both academic research and practical refereeing experience, Stuart works with coaches, governing bodies and performance professionals to enhance how pressure is understood and managed.
Areas of Specialism:
- Sports Psychology & Refereeing
- Decision-Making Under Pressure
- Coaching & Pedagogical Strategy
- Applied Research Translation
- Performance Feedback & Learning Environments

Stuart’s Packages
One-to-one sessions
£75 per hour
One hour rational-emotive behaviour therapy sessions for sports officials
Masterclass sessions
£250 per person
A 5-week (two hours per week) online group session with a one hour focus on rational-emotive behaviour therapy for sports officials, followed by a one-hour coaching session for a participant
Public speaking event
Available upon request
One hour (45-minute talk, 15 minutes Q&A) talk on a requested topic regarding officiating (e.g., communication, confidence, resilience).
Areas of Focus
Tailored psychological support for athletes, coaches, and teams looking to sharpen mental performance under real-world pressure.
Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy
Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) is an active and direct approach to minimise unhelpful behaviours and emotions while maximising helpful alternatives. Stuart holds the Advanced Practicum in Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) from the Albert Ellis Institute in New York City. Driven by evidence (see publications), Stuart has applied REBT to officials of all levels. These sports officials have reported decreased unhelpful emotions such as anxiety and anger, increased positive emotions such as resilience and happiness, and increased performance.
Handling Competitive Pressure
Perform well in training but under-deliver in competition? We’ll explore psychological preparation methods that help you manage pressure, recalibrate your stress response and translate practice gains into performance outcomes.
Sustained Focus & Mental Clarity
Struggle to stay locked in during long matches or key phases? Through structured attention training, we’ll build strategies to maintain focus, recover quickly from lapses, and stay mentally present across your full performance window.
Restoring Motivation & Drive
Feel like you’re going through the motions? We’ll work to uncover what’s draining your drive and reignite the internal purpose and enjoyment that fuel long-term performance without forced positivity or fake hype.
Team Cohesion & Psychological Readiness
Need your squad mentally aligned before a big game or season? Stuart collaborates with coaches and captains to develop group clarity, role understanding, and psychological resilience, the foundations of high-functioning teams.
Injury Recovery & Mental Resilience
Injury can disrupt not just your body, but your confidence and identity. We focus on mindset, adaptation, and future-orientation equipping you to return not just physically fit, but psychologically ready.
Rebuilding Confidence
Confidence isn’t about always feeling great, it’s about knowing what to do when you don’t. We’ll identify mental habits, rebuild self-trust, and develop tools you can use when doubt creeps in, on game day or in training.
The Sports Official’s Journal: A research-based guide to confidence, resilience, and decision-making
The Sports Official’s Journal is a research-based guide helping referees, umpires and officials build confidence, resilience and sharper decision-making under pressure.


Blowing the Whistle
The Psychology of Football Refereeing
Understand the internal and external pressures that shape a referee’s decisions from split-second calls to long-term confidence.
This book is used by referee educators, sports scientists and coaching professionals across the UK and beyond.
Watch Stuart on YouTube
Along with Stuarts co-hosted podcast Rationally Speaking, Stuart speaks publicly about many of his topics.
Testimonials
“I want to express my sincere gratitude to Stuart for the invaluable support and guidance you’ve provided through your Coaching & Performance Analysis. Your expertise, honest feedback, and encouragement have made a significant difference in my development as a referee.
Your ability to break down my performances, highlight areas for improvement, and build on my strengths has helped me grow in both confidence and consistency. Each session has been a turning point in my journey, and I truly appreciate the time and effort you’ve invested in helping me reach the next level.
Thank you for being such a dedicated mentor. Your support has played a key role in my progress, and I look forward to continuing this journey with your guidance in the future.”
Level 3 CORE X football referee
“Participating was a positive and informative experience, from the clear information to the courtesy of the research provided. I think Stuart was fantastic at making me feel at ease and answering questions, making the process smooth and enjoyable. Knowing that participation contributes to research that could help others in the future is truly rewarding. I enjoyed the sessions regarding my specific match situations along with the Rational/Irrational Beliefs. I would recommend getting involved in research to anyone of my colleagues. The dedication and passion made the experience exceptional.”
Level 4 football referee
“Prior to REBT support, I was struggling with asserting myself in games, and placing unreal expectations on myself as a referee. This was most obvious during games where Observers were appointed. The REBT support allowed me to rationalise those and change my perceptions and reactions to these situations. Each session peeled back a layer of preconceptions and challenged my thought processes and how I dealt with the pressures of refereeing. Each time, I took on a new tool to help deal with these challenges.
Now, I feel much more confident in day-to-day officiating. I am more accepting of my own desires and the reality of what I can and can’t control. This has led me to being more relaxed both during normal matches and also Observations. My interactions with players and self confidence have also developed significantly over this time.
The result is that I am now enjoying officiating more, and feel much more resilience around the psychological aspects that affect us on the pitch.”
Level 4 football referee
“I very much enjoyed working with Stuart. I became more aware of my responses during interactions with players and coaches, and now I can quickly recognize the difference between what I can control and what I cannot. This shift in perspective has not only strengthened my mental fortitude on the field but has also carried over into my personal and professional life outside of soccer.”
PRO National Assistant Referee
Published research
No home team bias in elite football referees: Assessing correctness of refereeing decisions in the English Premier League.
Carrington, S. C., Adie, J. M., & Oxenham, P. (2025).
The Journal of Sport & Exercise Science, 9(2), 40-50
Exploring the efficacy of a rational emotive behaviour therapy intervention on football referees: A single case study approach.
Carrington, S. C., Turner, M. J., North, J. S., Brady, A., & Martin, E. A. (2025).
Performance Enhancement & Health, 13
Development, validity, and reliability of the Irrational Beliefs Scale for Sports Officials (IBSSO)
Carrington, S. C., Turner, M. J., North, J. S., & Brady, A. (2025).
Frontiers in Psychology, 16
Services
Book Stuart to Speak
Whether you’re hosting a coaching summit, running a referee development programme, or recording a podcast on performance, Stuart delivers grounded, research-backed insight shaped by real-world experience.
Request a Consultation
For sports officials, athletes, coaches, or performance professionals looking for tailored psychological support, Stuart offers 1:1 and team consultations focused on practical change.
Email:
[email protected]
Location:
Based in London, UK – available for in-person and virtual engagements.
Availability:
Mon–Fri, 9:00am–5:00pm (GMT)